The mediating effect of attentional bias of negative information between fatalism and death anxiety in lung neoplasms patients / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of attentional bias of negative information between fatalism and death anxiety in lung neoplasms patients.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. It was convenient to select 312 lung neoplasms patients treated in the Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University the Chinese People′s Liberation Army, from April 2021 to April 2022 as the research subjects. Questionnaires were conducted with Fatalism Scale, Attention to Negative Information Scale, and Templer′s Death Anxiety Scale. Structural equation model were constructed based on self-regulatory executive function models.Results:The total score of fatalism, attentional bias of negative information, and death anxiety of 312 lung neoplasms patients were (61.68 ± 11.92) points, (39.57 ± 5.19) points, and (61.23 ± 9.30) points, respectively. Attentional bias of negative information was significantly positively correlated with fatalism ( r = 0.594, P<0.01). Death anxiety was significantly positively correlated with fatalism and attentional bias of negative information ( r = 0.494, 0.558, both P<0.01). Attentional bias of negative information played a partial mediating role between fatalism and death anxiety, and the mediating effect accounted for 37.7% of the total effect. The value of each fitness index of the mediation effect model was within the acceptable range. Conclusions:Attentional bias of negative information is an intermediary variable between fatalism and death anxiety of lung neoplasms patients. Nursing staff should pay attention to the level of attentional bias of negative information of lung neoplasms patients and carry out targeted nursing interventions from the emotional processing process to reduce the level of death anxiety in patients with lung neoplasms.

Correlations between appearance traits and internal quality of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots based on theory of "quality evaluation through morphological identification" / 中国中药杂志

It is generally believed that high-quality Bupleurum scorzonerifolium roots possess specific morphological characteristics, being red, robust, and long with strong odor. However, the scientific connotation of these characteristics has not been elucidated. According to the theory of "quality evaluation through morphological identification", we studied the correlations between appearance traits(the RGB value of root surface, root length, root diameter, dry weight, and ratio of phloem to xylem) and content of main chemical components(volatile oils, total saponins, total flavonoids, total polysaccharides, and seven saikosaponins) of B. scorzonerifolium roots. Epson Scanner and ImageJ were used to scan the root samples and measure the appearance traits. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry and HPLC were employed to determine the content of chemical components. The correlation, regression, and cluster analyses were performed to study the correlations between the appearance traits and the content of chemical components. The results showed that the content of volatile oils and saikosaponins were significantly correlated with RGB value, root length, and root diameter, indicating that within a certain range, the roots being redder, longer, and thicker had higher content of volatile oils and saikosaponins. According to the appearance traits and chemical component content, the 14 samples from different producing areas were classified into four grades, and the differences in morphological traits and chemical component content were consistent among different grades. The findings in this study demonstrate that appearance traits(RGB value, root length, and root diameter) can be used to evaluate the quality of B. scorzonerifolium roots. Meanwhile, this study lays a foundation for establishing an objective quality evaluation method for B. scorzonerifolium roots.

Selection and application of implementation strategies in implementation research / 中华预防医学杂志

Implementation research is a discipline that attempts to promote the application of evidence-based interventions in different settings and populations by using various methods and measures. Implementation strategies are the central part of implementation research, and as the field of implementation science evolves, more and more implementation strategies have been developed to facilitate the application of evidence-based interventions in the real world. To help researchers better understand and apply implementation strategies, this study will introduce implementation strategies in three aspects: classification, selection and application, and report.

Study on the mediating effect of fatalism in family resilience and self-management of lung neoplasms patients undergoing chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the relevance of family resilience, fatalism, and self-management of lung neoplasms patients undergoing chemotherapy, and the mediating effect of fatalism in family resilience and self-management.Methods:The study was a cross-sectional study, and it was convenient to select 376 lung cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy in the Oncology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from August 2020 to August 2021 as the research subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the patients by using general information questionnaire, Chinese Family Resilience Assessment Scale, Chinese Version of Fatalism Scale, and Cancer Patient Self-management Assessment Scale to establish and test the mediating model of fatalism between family resilience and self-management in lung neoplasms patients undergoing chemotherapy.Results:The total score of family resilience of lung neoplasms patients undergoing chemotherapy was (102.01 ± 33.29) points, the total score of fatalism was (63.99 ± 9.41) points, and the total score of self-management was (87.95 ± 27.65) points. Family resilience was negatively correlated with fatalism ( r=-0.418, P<0.01), positively correlated with self-management ( r=0.476, P<0.01), and fatalism was negatively correlated with self-management ( r=-0.557, P<0.01). Fatalism played a partial mediating role between family resilience and self-management, and the mediating effect accounted for 26.2% of the total effect. The value of each fitness index of the mediation effect model was within the acceptable range Conclusions:Family resilience, fatalism and self-management of lung neoplasms patients undergoing chemotherapy are closely related. Family resilience can not only directly affect self-management, but also indirectly affect self-management through fatalism. In clinical nursing, targeted intervention can be carried out on fatalism, which affects the role of family resilience on self-management, thereby promoting the improvement of self-management level of lung neoplasms patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Effect of alpha hydroxy acids on facial acne patients / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective:To study the clinical effect of alpha hydroxy acids on facial acne patients.Methods:A total of 36 patients with facial acne who were treated at the Department of Dermatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital from December 1, 2018 to May 31, 2019 were selected. All patients were treated with 20% alpha hydroxy acids. Treatment efficiency, lesions improvement and patients＇satisfaction were evaluated.Results:All evaluation indexes were improved after treatment. Before treatment, patients with acne were classified into grade Ⅰ(9 cases), grade Ⅱ(18 cases ), and grade Ⅲ (9 cases) through Pillsbury Grading, and after treatment, there were 28 cases of grade Ⅰ, 28 cases of grade Ⅱ, and 0 cases of grade Ⅲ, which had statistic differences ( χ2= 22.603, P<0.001). The number of lesions before treatment was 38.64±15.57, and that was 16.17±11.49 after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=6.967, P<0.001). After treatment, 2 cases were cured, 17 cases were markedly effective, 11 cases were effective, 2 cases were ineffective and 4 cases were worsening. 30 patients were cured, markedly effective or effective, and the total effective rate was 83.33%. The value of skin pores before treatment was 1263.67±593.44, and decreased to 1196.33±579.27 after treatment. The difference was statistically significant ( t=3.155, P<0.05). After the treatment, all the patients were satisfied with the effect. Conclusions:Alpha hydroxy acid is a safe and effective method for acne patients.

Investigation and analysis of teaching effect on undergraduate statistics course in medical universities and colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective@#To investigate the learning cognition and demand of medical college undergraduates for statistics course and its teaching effect, so as to better carry out the teaching work of statistics course and provide better teaching experience.@*Methods@#A total of 319 undergraduates from 11 medical universities and colleges who had finished statistics course were involved to conduct a questionnaire survey by using the online questionnaire survey method.@*Results@#The senior undergraduates (grade 3, grade 4, grade 5) participated in statistic course accounted for a large proportion of 94.60%; 61.90% subjects thought the course was difficult. For undergraduate public health majors and non-public health majors, more than 90% considered that it was necessary to set up the corresponding statistics courses; about 4.00% did not like the corresponding statistics courses; 75.87%, 69.52% and 50.16% thought that "teaching method", "teaching content" and "class schedule" were the main reason influencing the statistics course, respectively; and 61.9% thought that case teaching was the best way to master the course. The results also showed that all subjects had a common comprehending of statistical theory and a poor comprehending of software operation skills. About 90% of the research subjects had requirement for theoretical knowledge or software operation.@*Conclusion@#Colleges and universities should make theoretical courses more targeted, increase the proportion of case teaching, strengthen the teaching of software operation skills and appropriately set up corresponding training courses, to solve the problem that it is difficult to achieve satisfactory teaching effect.

Investigation and analysis of teaching effect on undergraduate statistics course in medical universities and colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the learning cognition and demand of medical college undergraduates for statistics course and its teaching effect,so as to better carry out the teaching work of statistics course and provide better teaching experience.Methods A total of 319 undergraduates from 11 medical universities and colleges who had finished statistics course were involved to conduct a questionnaire survey by using the online questionnaire survey method.Results The senior undergraduates (grade 3,grade 4,grade 5) participated in statistic course accounted for a large proportion of 94.60％;61.90％ subjects thought the course was difficult.For undergraduate public health majors and non-public health majors,more than 90％ considered that it was necessary to set up the corresponding statistics courses;about 4.00％ did not like the corresponding statistics courses;75.87％,69.52％ and 50.16％ thought that "teaching method","teaching content" and "class schedule" were the main reason influencing the statistics course,respectively;and 61.9％ thought that case teaching was the best way to master the course.The results also showed that all subjects had a common comprehending of statistical theory and a poor comprehending of software operation skills.About 90％ of the research subjects had requirement for theoretical knowledge or software operation.Conclusion Colleges and universities should make theoretical courses more targeted,increase the proportion of case teaching,strengthen the teaching of software operation skills and appropriately set up corresponding training courses,to solve the problem that it is difficult to achieve satisfactory teaching effect.

Clinical observation of warm moxibustion therapy to improve quadriceps weakness after total knee arthroplasty / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the clinical efficacy of warm moxibustion therapy in the recovery of quadriceps muscle strength in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with analgesia of the femoral nerve block (FNB).@*METHODS@#A total of 174 patients with KOA were randomized into a warm moxibustion group and a rehabilitation group, 87 cases in each group. In the warm moxibustion group, warm moxibustion combined with conventional quadriceps strength training were used. In the rehabilitation group, conventional quadriceps strength training was given. The warm moxibustion was applied at Liangqiu (ST 34) and Zusanli (ST 36), the treatment was given twice a day, 7 days for one course, with a total of 2 courses.The quadriceps muscle strength of the two groups was recorded and compared at 24 h before FNB, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after surgery, and the resting and exercise VAS pain scores were also recorded at the same time point. And the first time for standing up and the first straight raising time in the two groups were compared, and the occurrence of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed.@*RESULTS@#At 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after FNB, the quadriceps muscle strength in the warm moxibustion group was better than that in the rehabilitation group (<0.05, <0.01). At 72 h and 96 h after FNB, the resting and exercise VAS scores of the warm moxibustion group were lower than those of the rehabilitation group (both <0.001). The average first straight leg raising time in the warm moxibustion group was postoperative (31.03±10.78) h, and the time in the rehabilitation group was postoperative (47.23±15.78) h. The difference was statistically significant (<0.001). The average time of the first time for standing up in the warm moxibustion group was postoperative (25.76±7.00) h, and postoperative (33.12±11.18) h in the rehabilitation group. The difference was also statistically significant (<0.001). No adverse reactions occurred in both groups.@*CONCLUSION@#Warm moxibustion combined with conventional quadriceps strength training can improve the symptoms of quadriceps weakness in patients with femoral nerve block after total knee arthroplasty, and accelerate the recovery of joint function, which is superior to conventional quadriceps strength training.

Effect of HIF-1α on Angiogenesis-Related Factors in K562 Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanisms of angiogenesis in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) through detecting the levels of angiogenesis-related factors secreted from K562 cells after overexpression and interference of HIF-1α gene in K562 cells.@*METHODS@#The K562 cells were transfected by lentiviruses carried and interfered HIF-1α gene, then the transtected K562 cells with carried and interfered with HIF-1α gene were enrolled in overexpression and interference groups respectively, at the same time the K562 cells transfected by the empty virus were enrolled in control group. The cells were harvested after culture for 72 hours under normoxid condition. The transfection efficient in 3 groups was detected by fluorescence microscopy; the mRNA expression of HIF-1α gene and angiogenesis-related factors was detected by RT-PCR; the concentration of angiogenesis-related factors in the caltured supernatant was detected by ELISA.@*RESULTS@#The optimal MOI of K562 cells transfected with lentivirus was 10 and the transfection efficiency was about 50%. The positive rate of transfection after screening by puromycin was more than 90%. The mRNA expression of ANG-I, ANG-II, TGF-α and VEGF in the interference group was lower than that in the over-expression group, and the TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the interference group was higher than in the over-expression group. The mRNA expression of ANG-I and VEGF in the interference group was lower than that in the control group. TGF-αdid not could be detected, and the culture supernatant concentration of ANG-I and TNF-α in the interference group was lower than in the over-expression group, while the VEGF concentration in the interference group was higher than that in the over-expression group. All of the above-mentioned differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The positive K562 cells transfected with leutivirus have been harvested by screening with puromycin. The HIF-1α mRNA positively regulates the mRNA expression of ANG-1, ANG-2, TGF-α, VEGF in K562 cells, promotes the antocrine ability of ANG-1 and TNF-α, moreover not stimulates the autocrine of TGF-α, the up-regulation of HIF-1α expression can inhibit the expression TGF-β1 in K562 cells and the autocrine of TGF-β1.

The Application of Auto Regressive Time Varying Models to the Network Building of Time Series Microarray Data / 中国卫生统计

Objective To explore the application of auto regressive time varying models in network building of time se-ries microarray data.Methods We used actual data to carry out a preliminary discussion about the properties of auto regressive time varying models.Results Analysis results of actual data suggested that auto regressive time varying models can perform well whether the number of timepoint is large or small,and it can recognize the network’s dynamic variation rule.Conclusion Auto regressive time varying models is applicable to network building of time series microarray data.

Research progress on role of macrophages in tumor immunotherapy / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:Accumulating evidences prove that macrophages affect tumor initiation and prognosis. Especially,tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are considered to enhance tumor growth,progression,angiogenesis,invasion and metastasis. Furthermore,tumor suppressive microenvironment can " reeducate" and polarize the phenotype and function of TAM. Recently, researchers use different ways to interfere and modify the phenotype and function of macrophages,to improve the recognition, phagocytosis and antigen presentation of macrophage,and enhance its antitumor activity. We will discuss the pro-tumorigenic properties of macrophage and TAM-targeting therapy as a promising novel strategy for tumor immunotherapy.

Affymetrix gene sequencing technique used to analyze the mechanism of pituitary's regulation of CSA model in rats / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To analyze differences in gene expression profile of pituitary tissue in cervical spondylosis of vertebral artery type(CSA)model rats and explore the mechanism of adrenal gland's regulation of CSA.Methods Ten SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into model group and blank group.The CSA model was established by compound modeling method.The total RNA was extracted from the pituitary;the gene expression profile was detected by whole gene chip,ontology(GO),and signal pathway analysis.Results Compared with the normal group,the differential genes'expression profile analysis showed that the total number of the differential genes was 321(fold change︱ ＞ 2,P＜0.05),with 203 up-regulated genes and 118 down-regulated genes.A total of 1 294 genes rich in GO function were involved in the regulation of intercellular signal activity and nerve cell function;the stress response to external stimuli;and the regulation of coagulation function,angiogenesis, endometrial system,and cell cycle;There were 145 signal transducers,including adipocytokine signaling pathway, TGF-β signal transduction,AMPK signaling pathway,PPAR signal pathway,Wnt signaling pathway,and MAPK signal transduction pathway.Conclusion The pituitary regulates CSA mainly through the inflammatory stimulation,immune regulation,regulation of vertebral artery function,and endometrial system.

Expression and mechanism of plasma miR-372 in acute myeloid leukemia patients / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of miR-372 in the plasma of patients with acute my-eloid leukemia(AML)and the possible mechanism to participate in the development of AML. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the level of miR-372 in plasma. Bioinformatics software predicted the pos-sible target genes of miR-372 and dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to validate the prediction. In HL-60 cells,miR-372 was knocked down,and the effects on cell migration and cloning were detected by scratch test and clone formation. Results The level of miR-372 was significantly up-regulated in the plasma of AML patients. ROC analysis showed that miR-372 could distinguish between AML patients and healthy controls. Dual luciferase report-er assay showed that miR-372 could inhibit the activity of PTEN-3'UTR. Inhibition of miR-372 in HL-60 cells can significantly reduce the cell migration rate and clone formation ability. Conclusion In summary,for the first time,we showed novel data that the level of miR-372 was increased in the plasma of AML patients. By targeting the tumor suppressor gene PTEN,miR-372 may become a potential noninvasive biomarker for the screening and di-agnosis of AML.

Study on geographical variation of medicinal ingredients contents in Scutellaria baicalensis from different provenances / 中国中药杂志

In order to investigate the genetic difference on medicinal components of Scutellaria baicalensis from different provenances on the genetic difference, the S. baicalensis provenance tests were arranged by randomized block design.Excavating the crude drugs that have been growing for three years, with the same drying process, the content of baicalin, baicalein, wogonoside, wogonin and laminarin A in S. baicalensis were detected by HPLC, and then the data were analyzed. The results indicated that the content of baicalin in different provenances of S. baicalensis was significantly different (<0.05), while the variation of baicalein reached extremely significant level (<0.01). Cluster analysis showed that if the distance was divided by 5.0, the provenances in Chengde, Hebei province were divided into two independent populations, while the other two populations had large geographic spans. The results show that the significant geographical variations exist in the content of medicinal components in S. baicalensis. The study laid a theoretical foundation of provenance selection of S. baicalensis.

Research on control effect of sulfoxaflor and flonicamid on Lonicera japonica / 中国中药杂志

The study was aimed to determine the efficacy of two pesticides in the control of aphids in Lonicera japonica, and study the applicability of pesticides in L. japonica. The number of insects was counted before and 2, 3, 7 and 10 days after the application of pesticide in the test area within different dosage groups. The method was 5-point sampling method. Five aphids on the L. japonica branches were selected, then the number of insects was recorded. The effect of the two pesticides on the control rate of aphid was more than 80% at 1 d after application. The results showed that the two pesticides had good efficacy. After 7 days and 10 days, the control effect was 100%. After 1 day of spraying, the effect of the two pesticides on the control of L. japonica aphids was more than 80%, which was higher than that of the control agent. The results showed that the two pesticides had good and fast effect. After 7 days and 10 days of spraying, the control effect was 100%. The control effect of two kinds pesticides for aphid sprayed in recommended dose on the L. japonica is good and showed no hytotoxicity.

Protective effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) on vascular dementia in rats / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) on vascular dementia (VaD) in rats.Method The permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation method was used to prepare a VaD rat model.Suture of rats was performed after separation of the common carotid artery in Sham group.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate Injection (Cerebrolysin,10 mg/kg,positive drug group),Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) high,medium and low dose (20,10 and 5 mg/kg) groups.Rats were treated with relative drug by tail iv injection once daily for two weeks,and rats in Sham group were given equal volume of saline.The learning and memory abilities were evaluated by Y maze and step-through tests.Besides,the levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) in VaD rat serum were determined by ELISA method.Results Compared with model group,Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) significantly increased the correct number in Y maze test,reduced the step-through latency time,and elevated serum IGF-1 level in VaD rats.The protective effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) in VaD rats were equivalent to the same dose of Cerebrolysin.Conclusion Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) could significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of VaD rats,presumably through a mechanism of elevating IGF-1 level,which promotes the repairment and growth of neurons.

Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) on vascular dementia in rats / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) on vascular dementia in rats.Method The rat vascular dementia model was prepared using an improved two-vessel occlusion method,and the common carotid artery was only isolated but not blocked in sham group.Rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) groups with low,medium and high dose (5,10,20 mg/kg) and Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate Injection group (Cerebrolysin,Positive drug,10 mg/kg).The drug was administered by iv injection of rat tail vein once a day for two weeks,while the same volume of saline was administered in sham and model group.At the end of administration,the plasma was collected through abdominal aorta to separate serum,and rat cortex was isolated to prepare homogenate.The levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) in serum and level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cortex were detected by ELISA.Level of glutamate (Glu) in cortex of VaD rats was detected by colorimetry.Results Compared with model group,levels of NGF and IGF-2 in the serum of VaD rats and level of GABA in cortex were significantly increased,while level of Glu in cortex was significantly decreased after administration of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ).The increased IGF-2 and GABA levels by Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) were significantly higher than that of Cerebrolysin at same dose.Conclusion The mechanisms underlying the increased leaming and memory ability of VaD rats by Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ),are possibly related to the increased levels of NGF and IGF-2 in body and a regulation of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters.

Protective effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) on vascular dementia in rats / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the protective effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) on vascular dementia (VaD) in rats.Method The permanent bilateral common carotid artery ligation method was used to prepare a VaD rat model.Suture of rats was performed after separation of the common carotid artery in Sham group.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate Injection (Cerebrolysin,10 mg/kg,positive drug group),Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) high,medium and low dose (20,10 and 5 mg/kg) groups.Rats were treated with relative drug by tail iv injection once daily for two weeks,and rats in Sham group were given equal volume of saline.The learning and memory abilities were evaluated by Y maze and step-through tests.Besides,the levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) in VaD rat serum were determined by ELISA method.Results Compared with model group,Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) significantly increased the correct number in Y maze test,reduced the step-through latency time,and elevated serum IGF-1 level in VaD rats.The protective effects of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) in VaD rats were equivalent to the same dose of Cerebrolysin.Conclusion Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for injection (I) could significantly improve the learning and memory abilities of VaD rats,presumably through a mechanism of elevating IGF-1 level,which promotes the repairment and growth of neurons.

Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) on vascular dementia in rats / 药物评价研究

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective mechanisms of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) on vascular dementia in rats.Method The rat vascular dementia model was prepared using an improved two-vessel occlusion method,and the common carotid artery was only isolated but not blocked in sham group.Rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group,Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) groups with low,medium and high dose (5,10,20 mg/kg) and Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate Injection group (Cerebrolysin,Positive drug,10 mg/kg).The drug was administered by iv injection of rat tail vein once a day for two weeks,while the same volume of saline was administered in sham and model group.At the end of administration,the plasma was collected through abdominal aorta to separate serum,and rat cortex was isolated to prepare homogenate.The levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) in serum and level of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cortex were detected by ELISA.Level of glutamate (Glu) in cortex of VaD rats was detected by colorimetry.Results Compared with model group,levels of NGF and IGF-2 in the serum of VaD rats and level of GABA in cortex were significantly increased,while level of Glu in cortex was significantly decreased after administration of Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ).The increased IGF-2 and GABA levels by Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ) were significantly higher than that of Cerebrolysin at same dose.Conclusion The mechanisms underlying the increased leaming and memory ability of VaD rats by Cerebroprotein Hydrolysate for Injection (Ⅰ),are possibly related to the increased levels of NGF and IGF-2 in body and a regulation of the balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters.

Distribution patterns of the contents of five biologically activate ingredients in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis / 中国天然药物

As an important herbaceous plant, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Chinese skullcap) is geographically widespread and commonly used throughout the world. In the Chinese medicine market, S. baicalensis has been divided into two primary types, "Ku Qin" (WXR) and "Tiao Qin" (TST). Moreover, TST is also divided into different grades according to the diameter of roots. To explore the distribution patterns of the contents of five biologically activate ingredients (FBAI), we used six-year-old cultivated S. baicalensis and analyzed its growth characteristics as well as the quality difference among different types and diameters in roots. Throughout the entire root, we discovered that contents of the FBAI all initially increased and subsequently decreased from the top to the bottom of the roots. The baicalin content of WXR was less than that of TST. On the contrary, the contents of baicalein, wogonin, and oroxylin A in WXR were up to about two times higher than that in TST. We also found that the 0 to 40 cm part of the S. baicalensis root possessed about 87% of the root biomass and about 92% of the contents of the active ingredients.